i/o atelier
2025 / the engine

/n4

A patented evolution of Google S2 and Uber H3. Built to make the spatial fabric of cities computable in ways the existing indexes cannot.

Benchmarked against the open-source standard
91%
/n4
IoU, isochrone boundary
vs
72%
Industry standard
Valhalla (open-source routing)
The routing engine inside Tesla and BMW production cars hits 72% IoU./n4 hits 91%.
The engine in motion
Isochrone generation

A natural-language commute brief. A live, walked isochrone, rendered in real time.

The user types one sentence. /n4 interprets it, snaps to the named anchor, and computes a true walked isochrone across the pedestrian network. Orange boundaries expand outward in real time. Yellow markers show candidate addresses already inside the polygon. Green lines are the actual walking routes the engine resolved.

This is the layer that 72% IoU engines cannot deliver. Routing networks built for cars produce smooth circles. /n4 produces the shape a human actually walks.

Lineage

S2 indexed the planet. H3 indexed mobility. /n4 indexes how people actually move through cities.

Google's S2 made geographic search tractable at planet scale. Uber's H3 made ride pricing and routing tractable across continents. Both were built for the surface of the earth, not for the lived experience above it.

/n4 is the next index. It treats commute, neighbourhood texture, daily routine and personal preference as first-class spatial primitives. The result is a representation of the built environment that machine learning can actually reason about.

One year of research. One patent. No prior art found. Led by Jonathan Hill, Head of Data Science, and Laith Mohajer.

What it powers

Engine. Product. Same patent.

/n4 powers nHabit, i/o atelier's consumer rental discovery app. Same engine. Same patent. Different layer of the stack.

The work proved that /n4 generalises. It didn't just route. It ranked, matched, and recommended.

The engine remains separately licensable to anyone running a property, mobility or public-estate problem.

Independent validation

Multiple tracks of validation, in parallel.

Patent
Allowed

Filed January 2026. No prior art identified. Protects the core indexing methodology and the ML training pipeline built on top of it.

Government
Innovate UK

Non-dilutive R&D grant secured. Independent technical diligence by the UK's public innovation agency.

Industry
Tesla & BMW

The open-source routing engine inside Tesla and BMW production vehicles hits 72% IoU. /n4 hits 91%. The largest single jump in spatial indexing since H3 launched.

If you're building on a spatial layer, talk to us before you build it.